The residual from decomposing the returns into earnings expectations and discount factors, shown in red, can be interpreted as the contribution from the equity risk premium. A higher contribution ...

Essentially, we experienced an initial wave of energy price increases in March and April this year, and then some optimism ...

Initial investments to focus on euro-denominated euro area public sector and European supranational securities ...

Prepared by Katalin Bodnár, Davide Fantino, Sara Lamboglia and Laura Lebastard Share of firms that are highly exposed to the ...

Compared with July 2026: median consumer perceptions of inflation over the past 12 months were unchanged, while median ...

Notes: For assets, a positive (negative) number indicates net purchases (sales) of non-euro area instruments by euro area investors. For liabilities, a positive (negative) number indicates net sales ...

President of the ECB, conducted by Francesco Canepa on 16 September 2026. 18 September 2026. We are speaking less than a week ...

We are doing this because the Middle East conflict keeps driving up prices. Inflation is likely to be above our 2% target for quite a while. Manufacturing is doing better, partly because governments ...

Let me begin with a story that starts in this city. In this country, the years before 1873 have a name: the “Gründerzeit”, or “founders’ era”. The old city walls had come down and the Ringstrasse was ...

Sources: ECB calculations based on data provided by the Nationale Bank van België/Banque nationale de Belgique, the Belgian Federal Public Service Employment, Labour and Social Dialogue, the Belgian ...