The first step is to calculate the derivative of the function, often denoted as f' (x). The derivative represents the rate of ...

Almost periodic functions serve as a powerful conceptual framework in analysing differential equations whose coefficients or forcing terms exhibit recurrent behaviour over time. Rooted in the ...

A gauge function $V$ for the differential equation (S) $x' = f(x, t)$ is a scalar-valued function sufficiently smooth for $dV(\phi (t), t)/dt$ to exist almost ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Motivated essentially by several recent works on interesting generalizations of the first-order Volterra-type integro-differential equation ...