In the previous chapter, we stored the current state in a variable and switched the LED operation mode every time the button was pressed.The signals sent to the LED so far have been of two types: HIGH ...

In adding an alternative cutter drive motor (‘spindle’) to an existing cnc machine, an electrically isolated pwm to analogue converter is needed. The machine uses a ‘grbl’ controller, which has an ...

In this article we will discuss how to build a powerful DC motor driver that can be controlled using a microcontroller like an Arduino or a Raspberry Pi, or even a standalone PWM generator chip. DC ...

One way around the problem of getting a fast response from a microcontroller is to move the problem away from the processor. In the case of the ESP32 there are some built-in devices that can use GPIO ...

Many applications using miniature brushed DC motors require motors to operate at more than one load point or through specific load cycles. Running a motor at usable load points requires a variable, ...